Global Volcanism Program

Home Reef, a submarine volcano midway between Metis Shoal and Late Island in the central Tonga islands, was first reported active in the mid-19th century, when an ephemeral island formed. An eruption in 1984 produced a 12-km-high eruption plume, large amounts of floating pumice, and an ephemeral 500 x 1,500 m island, with cliffs 30-50 m high that enclosed a water-filled crater. In 2006 an island-forming eruption produced widespread dacitic pumice rafts that drifted as far as Australia. Another island was built during a September-October 2022 eruption.

Volcanoes of the World - Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program, Momotombo

Global Volcanism Program

Global Volcanism Program - Wikipedia

Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program Collage

USGS on X: Kilauea has been on the Smithsonian Institution's

Global Volcanism Program, West Mata in 2023